Sentence

Definition:-

     Bs‡iRx‡Z ‘Sentence’ Ges evsjvq ÔevK¨Õ eiveiB mgv_©K| mwVK Ges mnRfv‡e ejv hvq, GKwU Sentence (evK¨) n‡jv| Ggbfv‡e mvRv‡bv GK¸”Q A_©c~Y© kã hvi gva¨‡g GKwU cwic~Y© A_© cÖKvk cvq| Bs‡iRx‡Z ejv hvq- A sentence is a group of meaningful words arranged in such an order that it expresses a complete sense. GKwU h_v_© Sentence Gi Rb¨ cwic~Y© A_© ev ‘Complete Sense’ wU Lye ¸i“Z¡c~Y|

Classification-

     Sentence ‡K wewfbœfv‡e fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb- A_©MZfv‡e A_ev MVbMZfv‡e BZ¨vw`| A_© Sentence Abymv‡i cvuP cÖKvi| h_v-

1) Assertive ev Declarative Sentence

2) Interrogative Sentence

3) Imperative Sentence

4) Optative Sentence

5) Exclamatory Sentence.

1. Assertive / Declarative Sentence (wee„wZ / eY©bvgyjK evK¨)t-

     ‡h Sentence Gi gva¨‡g mvaviYfv‡e †KvbI wKQy eY©bv Kiv nq| †hgb- Birds fly in the sky.

MVb:-

Sub + verb + Extension (verb Gi cieZx© mewKQy) => Students come to the Index for quality coaching.

2. Interrogative Sentence (cÖkœ‡evaK evK¨)t-

     G ai‡bi ev‡K¨ †KvbI wKQy m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Kiv nq| †hgb- Do you know what my name is?

MVbt-

     i) mvaviYfv‡e am, is, are, was, were, have, has, BZ¨vw` verb ¸‡jv hw` Assertive Sentence Gi Principle verb wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq Zvn‡j H Sentence †K Interrogative Ki‡Z n‡j Zv‡`i‡K Subject Gi c~‡e© wb‡q Avm‡Z nq| G ai‡bi Sentence Gi c‡i me mgq Interrogative Note A_v©r Ô?Õ wPýwU e‡m| †hgb-

I am a student ¦ Am I a student?

You are a coward ¦ Are you a coward?

ii) Simple Present I Assertive Sentence Gi Interrogative Kivi mgq Subject Gi c~‡e© (Verb hw` Ordinary verb nq) Do/Does emv‡Z nq| Simple Past Gi Subject Gi Av‡M Did e‡m Ges g~j Verb wUi Present Form nq| †hgb-

I read a book ¦ Do I read a Book?

The baby cries for mile ¦ Does the baby cry for milk?

He gifted me a card ¦ Did he gift ma card?

Note:-

i) Interrogative Sentence AviI wewfbœfv‡e MVb Kiv hvq| we¯—vwiZ Rvbvi Rb¨ †KvbI fv‡jv Grammar †`‡Lv|

3. Imperative Sentence (Av‡`km~PK evK¨)t-

     G ai‡bi Sentence G Order (Av‡`k), Dc‡`k (Advice), (Aby‡iva) (Request), (Abybq) (Entreaty) cÖKvk cvq| †hgb-

     Break down the chains (Order)

     He mercy upon us (Entreaty)

     Colour your life with the colour of the holy Quran. (Advice)

     Give me some money to buy a ball, Papa, (Request)

4. Optative Sentence (Kvgbv / cÖv_©bv‡evaK evK¨)t-

     GB ai‡bi Sentence Gi gva¨‡g g‡bi B”Qv, Kvgbv, cÖv_©bv cÖKvk cvq, †hgb-

     May you be happy in you conjugal life.

MVbt-

     May + hvi Rb¨ Kvgbv Kiv n‡”Q + †hwU Kvgbv Kiv n‡”Q|

     => May our president have long life.

5. Exclamatory Sentence (Avðh©m~PK evK¨)t-

     e³vi g‡bi Av‡eM, myL, †kvK, `ytL, wein, we®§q cÖKvk Ki‡Z GB Exclamatory Sentence e¨eüZ nq| †hgb-

     What a scoundrel President Bush Is!

     Were I a dove!

    

 Structure A_v©r MVb‡f‡` Sentence †K Avevi wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| (i) Simple (ii) Complex (iii) Compound

1. Simple Sentence (mij evK¨)t-

     ‡h Sentence G GKwU gvÎ Subject Gi GKwU gvÎ Finite Verb mgvwcKv wµqv _v‡K Zv‡K Avgiv Simple Sentence ewj| †hgb-

=> He comes here every weekend

=> His courage won him honour

=> Early rising is known a good habit.

Note:-

Simple Sentence G †KvbI Conjunction (But, and, yet BZ¨vw`) Ges Subordinate clause _v‡K bv|

2. Complex Sentence (RwUj evK¨)t-

     G ai‡bi Sentence G GKwU Principal Clause (P.C) Ges GK/GKvwaK Subordinate clause _v‡K| †hgb-

=> When the moon shone we went upstairs.

=> I know what he thinks

=> A dog doesn’t bite unless it is teased.

Note:-

     G ai‡bi Sentence G GKvwaK Finite verb _vK‡Z cv‡i| GB Sentence Gi Sub Ordinate clause Gi ïi“‡Z Though, atthough, if, as, because, so that, untill, unless, what, when BZ¨vw` conjunction e‡m|

3. Compound Sentence (†hŠwMK evK¨)t-

     ‡h Sentence GKvwaK Principal clause, co-ordinating conjunction Z_v and, but, yet, therefore BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g hy³ nq Zv‡K Avgiv Compound Sentence e‡j _vwK| †hgb-

     1. Night came on and rain fell heavily

     2. Bush and Blair attacked Iraq and captured all Iraqi oil tanks.

     => I came, I saw and I myself admitted into the index.

Note:

     i) G ai‡bi Sentence G And, but, yet, or, therefore, BZ¨vw` D‡j­L _v‡K e‡j Compound Sentence wbY©q LyeB mnR|

     ii) Compound Sentence G `yÕwU Finite verb _v‡K weavq clause `yÕwU m¤ú~Y© ¯^vaxb|