Narration
# Narration `yÕcÖKvi| h_v:-
i)
Direct Narration (cÖZ¨¶ Dw³)
ii)
Indirect Narration (c‡iv¶ Dw³)
# Narration Gi `ywU Ask
_v‡K| h_v:
i) Reporting Verb
ii) Reported
Speech
Exam: He
said, “I am fine.”
RV RS
# Narration cwieZ©‡bi wbqg
wZbwU| h_v:-
i) Person Gi cwieZ©b
ii)
Tense Gi cwieZ©b
iii) ˆbKU¨
†_‡K `~i‡Z¡ cwieZ©b
i. Person Gi cwieZ©b:
Reported speech Gi subject wU 1st Person n‡j Reporting verb Gi subject ‡K AbymiY K‡i| 2nd Person n‡j object ‡K AbymiY K‡i| wKš‘ 3rd Person n‡j
†Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv|
ii. Tense Gi cwieZ©b:
Reporting
verb wU past tense (A_©vr (said)) n‡j cwieZ©b n‡e| wKš— Present/Future Tense n‡j Tense Gi cwieZ©b n‡e bv|
# cwieZ©‡bi wbqg:
Reported
speech wU Present indefinite n‡j Zv past indefinite n‡e|
Reported
speech wU Present continious n‡j Zv past continious n‡e|
Reported
speech wU Present perfect n‡j Zv past perfect n‡e|
Reported
speech wU Present perfect continious n‡j Zv past perfect continious n‡e|
Reported
speech wU Past indefinite n‡j Zv past perfect n‡e|
Reported
speech wU Past continious n‡j Zv past perfect continious n‡e|
# Can _vK‡j could n‡e|
May _vK‡j might n‡e|
Shall _vK‡j should n‡e|
Will _vK‡j would n‡e|
iii. ‰bKU¨ †_‡K `~iZ¡ cwieZ©b:
|
Direct
|
Indirect
|
Direct
|
Indirect
|
|
This
These
Hence
Now
Hither
Tomorrow
Yesterday
Last
night
|
That
Those
Thence
Then
Thither
The
next day
The
previous day
The
previous night
|
Last
week
Next
week
Thus
Come
Ago
Today
Tonight
Here
|
The
previous week
The
following week
so
go
before
That
day
That
night
There
|
Assertive Sentence
1. Kgv
(,) Zz‡j that emv‡Z
nq|
wPiš—b mZ¨ evK¨ n‡j Avi †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv|
2.
Must Gi cwie‡Z© had to e‡m|
→Exam:
·
He said to me, “I am ill now.”
→ He said to me that he was
ill then.
·
Korim said to me, “I eat rice today.”
→ Korim said to me that he
ate rice that day.
·
He said to me, “You are going to Dhaka tomorrow.”
→ He said to me that I was
going to Dhaka the next day.
·
The teacher said to Rohima, “I know you and your father.”
→ The teacher said to Rohima
that he know here and her father.
·
Father said to me, “Time and tied wait for none.”
→ Father said to me that
time and tied wait for none.
|
Nomenative case /Subjective case
|
Possessive case
|
Objective case
|
|
I
we
you
he
she
they
|
my
our
your
his
her
their
|
me
us
you
him
her
them
|
Interogative
Sentence
1. Say Zy‡j ask e‡m|
mvnvh¨Kvix wµqvi Øviv Reported speech wU ïi“ n‡j Kgv (,) Zz‡j if e‡m|
wKš‘ Interrogative
pronoun Øviv ïi“ n‡j G ¸wjB e‡m| evK¨wU Assertive n‡q
hvq| ‡hgb:
·
The passenger said to the porter, “When will the train arrive”?
→ The passenger asked the
porter when the train would arrive.
·
He said to me, “Which book do you want”?
→ He asked me which book I
wanted.
·
He said to me, “Are you ill”?
→ He asked me if I was ill.
·
Ujjal said to Boby, “Do you hear me.”?
→ Ujjal asked Boby if he
heared him.
·
“Have you seen her, Jerry?” said the writer.
→ The writer asked Jerry if
he had seen her.
N.B: Indirect Kivi mgq Repoting verb Gi to e‡m
bv|
Optative
Sentence
#Say Zz‡j wish ev pray e‡m|
Kgv Zz‡j that Ges person Gi ci might e‡m|
†hgb:
·
Mother said to me, “May you live long.”
→ Mother wished/prayed that I
might live long.
·
Father said to his son, “May you pass in the examination.”
→ Father prayed that he might
pass in the examination.
·
Mother said to me, “May Allah help you.”
→ Mother prayed that Allah
might help me.
N.B: Indirect
Kivi mgq Reporting Verb Gi Object bv emv‡bv fvj|
Imperative
Sentence
1. Say Zz‡j
A_©vbymv‡i order,
advise, request, command, propose e‡j| Gi †KvbwUB eyS‡Z bv cvi‡j
tell e‡m| ev‡K¨ good morning, good night,
good bye, _vK‡j say Zz‡j bade e‡j| Kgv (,) Zz‡j to, bv †evaK n‡j not to e‡m| wKš‘ let Øviv
evK¨ ïi“ n‡j Kg (,) Zz‡j that e‡m|
2. let Øviv
cÖ¯—ve eySv‡j say
Zz‡j propose
e‡m| Kgv (,) Zz‡j that e‡m| Ges person Gi cwieZ©‡bi ci let †K should Ki‡Z
nq| Z‡e AbygwZ eySv‡j say Zz‡j request e‡m| Kgv (,) Zz‡j that e‡m Ges let ‡K might Ki‡Z
nq| †hgb:
·
The chairman said, “let us decide the mother.”
→ The chairman proposed that
we should decide the mother
·
He said to his friends, “Please wait for me till I return.”
→ He requested his friends to
wait for him till he return.
·
Father said to the son, “Don’t qurral with anybody.”
→ Father advised the son not
to qurral with anybody.
·
“Come in! my friend.” said I.
→ I told my friend to come in.
·
He said, “Good morning, Mr. Kamal.”
→ He bade Mr Kamal to Good
morning.
N.B: (let+us
= propose) (let + Ab¨‡Kvb object = request)
* Imperative
G ev‡K¨i ïi“‡Z verb Gi cÖva¨vb¨ _v‡K|
Exclamatory
Sentence
# Say Zz‡j
Avb‡›`i †¶‡Î Exclaime
with joy Ges `yt‡Li †¶‡Î Exclaime with sorrow e‡m| Kgv (,) Zz‡j that e‡m|
Ges How ev what Gi
cwie‡Z© very ev Great e‡m|
evK¨wU Assertive
n‡q hvq| †hgb:
·
I said, “Had I the wings of bird”!
→ I exclaimed with joy that I
had the wings of bird.
·
I said to her, “What a nice girl you are”!
→ I excaimed with joy that she
was a very nice girl.
·
“What terrible cousing poor samira had”, said Mr Rahma.
→ Mr Rahman exclaimed with
sorrow that poor Samira had very terrible cousing.
·
He said, “What cheering report.”!
→ He exclaimed with joy that
the report was very cheering.
→ He exclaimed with joy that it was a very cheering.
·
“Brave! You have done very well.”
→ The teacher exclaimed with
joy that I had done very well.
Note: q had _vK‡j had Gi
†Kvb cwieZ©b n‡e bv| (exa-1)
q Avb›`/`ytL
†KvbwUB eyS‡Z bv cvi‡j ïay exclaime w`‡j n‡e|
Passage
Narration
# Role-1:
cÖ_‡g
e³v I †kªvZv wbY©q Kiv| GKB e³vi GKvwaK Dw³ _vK‡j 2q Dw³ †_‡K added, again said, aslo
said, further said ‡h‡Kvb GKwU em‡e| Z‡e interrogative n‡j H
¸‡jvi mv‡_ ask †hvM
n‡e|
# Role-2:
Ø Yes Gi
cwie‡Z© Replied
in the affermative em‡e|
Ø
Ges No Gi cwie‡Z© Replied in the negative em‡e|
Ø
Allah, By God, By my life BZ¨vw` _vK‡j G¸‡jvi Av‡M swearing ‡hvM
n‡e|
Ø AwZwi³
Ask ev Participle
ev Geruned
Ask _vK‡j Zv cÖ_‡g wjL‡Z n‡e|
# Role-3:
Ø Assertive Sentence G
Avðh© †evaK wPý _vK‡j Surprise †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ø
e³v bv _vK‡j ej‡Z n‡e The speaker.
Ges †kªvZv bv _vK‡j ej‡Z n‡e The listener.
Ø Thank you Gi
†¶‡Î cÖ_‡g Sub:
+ thanked + object.
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