Transformation

Transformation

Complex to simple & compound

1.         since/as/when complex Gi `yBwU clause

            Gi subject GK n‡j Ges `yBwU clause g~j verb _vK‡j wb‡æv³ Abymv‡i change. nq|

(i)         Complex: When the thief saw the police,            he ran away.

            Simple:- Seeing the police, the thief ran            away.

            Compound: The thief saw the police and               ran away.

(ii)        Complex: As I had forgotten him, I went put

            Simple: Forgetting him, I went out

or, Having forgetting him, I went out

            Compound: I had forgotten him and went out.

2.         `ywU clause Gi subject wfbœ n‡j 1g clause wU‡Z am/is/are/have/has _vK‡j wbqgwU `vuovq|

(i)         Complex: When the meting was over, we            went back home.

            Simple: The meeting being over we went         back home.

            Compound: The meeting was over and we             went back home.

3.         If Øviv MwVZ kZ©g~jK bv †evaK (Negative) Complex sentence wb‡æv³ Abymv‡i nq|

(i)         Complex: If you don’t work hard you will   not prosper in life.

            Simple: Without working hard, you will        not prosper in life.

            Compound: Work hard or you will not                    prosper in life.

(ii)        Complex: If you don’t move, you will die.

            Simple: Without moving you will die.

            Compound: Move or you will die.

4.         If hy³ clause Øviv hw` affirmative eySvq Zvn‡j wb‡æv³bymv‡i nq|

(i)         Complex: If you work hard. You can                    succeed in life.

            Simple: By working had. you can succeed       in life.

            Compound: Work hard and you can                         succeed in life.

5.         If Øviv –Sub-ordinate clause Gi subject hw` first ev third person nq Zvn‡j wbævbymv‡i nq|

(i)         Complex: If i rise early, I will have enough   time to study.

            Simple: By rising early I will have enough    time to study.

            Compound: Let me rise early and I will        have enough time to study.

(ii)        Complex: If he does not do this, he will die

            Simple: Without doing this, he will die.

            Compound: Let him do this, or he will die.

6.         Though/Although hy³ Complex sentence wb‡æv³vbymv‡i nq|

(i)         Complex: Although the man has vast              wealth, he wants more.

            Simple: In spit of having vast wealth, the      man wants more.

            Compound: The man has vast wealth but      wants more.

(ii)        Complex: Though he tried to pray, he             could not get rid of the curse.

            Simplex: In spite of his trying to pray he         could not get rid of the curse.

            Compound: He tried to pray but could of     get rid of the curse.

7.         Since/as hy³ complex sentence Gi clause `ywUi subject GK n‡j Ges since/as hy³ clause wU‡Z ïaygvΠ be verb (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had) _vK‡j Ges cÖ_g sentence Øviv Kvib eySv‡j wb‡æv³vbymv‡i nq|

(i)         Complex: Since he is ill, he can’t move an    inch.

            Simple: Because of his being ill, he can’t       move an inch.

            Compound: He is ill and he can’t move an    inch.

(ii)        Complex: Since he was small, he could not   work hard.

            Simple: Because of his being small, he           could not work hard.

            Compound: He was small and he could not              work hard.

8.         So ........... that hy³ complex sentence †K i“cvš—‡ii wbqg|

            Complex: He is so weak that he can’t work.

            Simple: He is too weak to walk.

            Compound: He is very weak and he can’t walk

9.         So that hy³ complex sentence Gi iƒcvš—i wbævbymv‡i nq|

            Complex: He went to market so that he         could buy a book.

            Simple: He went to market in order to buy    a book.

            Compound: He went to market and bought              a book.

            Or.  He went to market and wanted to          book.

(ii)        Complex: We eat so that we may live.

            Simple: We eat in order to live.

            Compound: We eat and want to live.

10.       When hy³ complex sentence Øviv hw` Pjgvb mgq, †Kvb gyûZ¡, w`b, gvm, FZz, eQi wb‡`©k K‡i Zvn‡j wb‡æv³vbymv‡i nq|

(i)         Complex: When It was raining, I was at              school.

            Simple: At the time of raining, I was at School.

            Compound: It was raining and I was at school.

(ii)        Complex: When he was digging the earth,           a snake came out.

            Simple: At the time of digging the earth, a       snake came out.

            Compound: He was digging the earth and             a snake came out.

(iii)       Complex: When It was summer, I was in            London.

            Simple: I was in London in summer.

            Compound: It was summer and I was in       London.

11.       Relative pronoun m~wPZ complex sentence Gi iƒcvš—i Abymv‡i nq:-

(i)         Complex: I saw a boy who was lame.

            Simple: I saw a lame boy.

            Compound: I saw a boy and he was lame.

(ii)        Complex: Salam is a boy who is very                   intelligent.

            Simple: Salam is a very intelligent boy.

            Compound: Salam is a boy and he is very               intelligent.

(iii)       Complex: The fox is an animal which is               very cunning.

            Simple: The fox is very cunning animal.

            Compound: The fox is an animal and it is               very cunning.

SOME MORE EXAMPLES

(i)         Complex: I saw him when he was reading          a book.

            Simple: I saw him reading a book.

Compound: I saw him and he was reading             a book.

(ii)        Complex: I have a house which I want to sell.

            Simple: I have a house to sell.

            Compound: I have a house and I want to sell it.

(iii)       Complex: I saw a bird which was flying

            Simple: I saw a bird flying.

            Compound: I saw a bird and it was flying.

(iv)       Complex: When he was four I could                     picture him.

            Simple: I could picture him at four.

            Compound: He was four and I could picture him.

From Complex to simple and from simple to complex

(i)         Simple: I know him name.

            Complex: I know what his mane is.

(ii)        Simple: I know his father’s name

            Complex: I know what his father’s name is.

(iii)       Simple: I saw his pen.

            Complex: I saw the pen which was his.

(iv)       Simple: Tell me the address of the man.

            Complex: Tell me what the address of the man.

(v)        Simple: I like the poem of Nazrul.

            Complex: I like the poem which are writer                by Nazrul.

(vi)       Simple: Tell me the truth.

            Complex: Tell me what the truth is.

(vii)      Simple: Show me the picture.

            Complex: Show me what the picture is?

(viii)     Simple: He asked me my name.

            Complex: He asked me what my name was.

(ix)       Simple: Explain me the cause.

            Complex: Explain me what the cause is.

(x)        Simple: Speak the truth.

            Complex: Speak what the truth is.

(xi)       Simple: I know his birth place.

            Complex: I know where he was born.

(xii)      Simple: I know his birth day. 

            Complex: I know when he was born.

(xiii)     Simple: I know the time of his arrival.

            Complex: I know when he will arrive.

(xiv)     Simple: This is my birth place.

            Complex: This is the place where I was born.

(xv)      Simple: This is his work place.

            Complex: This is the place where he works.

(xvi)     Simple: I am sure of passing the exam. 

            Complex: I am sure that I will pass.

(xvii)    Simple: His silence proves his guilt.

            Complex: His silence proves that he was guilty.

           

Not only- But also hy³ compound ‡K             simple Kivi wbqg|

(i)         Compound: He eats not only meat but also fish.

            Simple: Besides eating meat he eats fish.

            or. He eats both fish and meat.

Exercise

1)            Waste not and want not (Complex)

2)            I know that he is rich (Complex)

3)            It is certain that he will come (simple)

4)            I desire that I should go (Simple)

5)            Parvez admitted his guilt (Complex)

6)            His honesty is known to all (Complex)

7)            I have no money that I can spare (Simple)

8)            He is the last man to do it (Complex)

9)            Kalam is both tall and strong (Compound)

10)          Parvez ran away to escape arrest (Compound)

CHANGE OF DEGREES

Superlative to positive and comparative

Rule-1

Superlative     :    NP₁  + be + the + Adj (superlative)            + NP₂+phrase

Positive           :    No other + NP₂ + phrase + be + as             + Adj (positive) + as + NP₁

Comparative  :    NP₁+be+Adj (comparative) + than            +any other/allother + NP₂+ phrase

1.  Superlative:    He is the best boy in the class.

     Positive: No other boy in the class is as good as   he

     Comparative: He is better than any other boy in the class.

2.  Superlative: Nipa is he most intelligent girl in this village.

     Positive: No other girl in this village is as              intelligent as Nipa.

     Comparative: Nipa is more intelligent than any other girl in this village.

Rule-2

Structure:

Superlative     :    NP₁  + be + one of the + Adj (sup)             + NP₂+plural

Positive           :    Very few + NP₂(Plural) + phrase   + be + as+ Adj(positive) +as+ NP₁

Comparative  :    NP₁ + be + Adj (com) + than + many other/ most + other + NP₂  (Plural) + phrase

1.  Superlative:    He is one of the best boys in the    class.

     Positive:     Very few boys in the class are as good as he.

     Comparative: He is better than most other boys   in the class.

2.  Superlative:    She is one of the most intelligent   girls in this village.

     Positive:     Very few girls in this village are as intelligent as she.

     Comparative: She is more intelligent than most   other girls in this village.

Positive to comparative

Rule-3

As ----- as hy³ Positive Degree ‡K iƒcvš—i wbævbymv‡i nq|

Structure

     Positive: NP₁+be+as+adj+as+NP₂

     Comparative: NP₂+be+not+adj(comp)+than+NP₁

1.  Positive: He is as cunning as fox

     Comparative: A fox is not more cunning than he.

     Positive: Your are as wise as I

     Comparative: I am not wiser than you.

Rule-4

Not so ----- as hy³ Positive ‡K comparative G iƒcvš—‡ii wbqg|

     Positive: NP₁+be+not+so+adj+as+NP₂

     Comparative: NP₂+be+adj(comp)+than+NP₁

1.  Positive: Adnan is not so strong as Parvej.

     Comparative Parvej is stronger than Adnan.

2.  Positive: Promy is not so tall as Tonny.

     Comparative: Tonny is taller than Promy.

[Note: Rule 3 I 4 I superlative nq bv KviY G¸‡jv‡Z gvÎ `yÕRb e¨w³ig‡a¨ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|]

Exercise

1.    No flower is as lovely as the rose (comparative)

2.    This box is heavier than that (positive)

3.    He is not more intimate to you than to me           (positive)

4.    Calcutta is one of the largest cities in India (comparative)

5.    Sarwar is taller than most other boys in the class (superlative)

6.    They are wiser than all others (superlative)

7.    I am the happiest man in the village (positive)

8.    Kamal is one of the most competent teachers (comparative)

9.    The Humming is the smallest bird in the world (comparative)

10.  Very few cities in Bangladesh are as large as Dhaka (superlative)

11.  The rose is lovelier than most other flowers (superlative)

12.  The pen is mightier than the sword (positive)

13.  Kalam is as cleaver as liton (comparative)

14.  Sayed is the tallest boy in the room (positive)

15.  Zahed and Sumon were not less wise than Kamal (positive)