Voice
Voice
Definition : Voice is the form the
verb which indicates whether the subject does the work or some thing has been
done to it.
There are three kinds of voices :
(1) Active Voice (2) Passive Voice (3) Quasi-passive.
Active Voice ‡K Passive Voice G cwieZ©b Kivi wbqg
Rule :
(1) Present Indefinite : Obj. Sub
+ am/is/are + v.p. + by + sub Obj.
Rule : (2) Present
Continuous : Obj. Sub + am/is/are + being + v.p.p. + by + sub Obj.
Rule : (3) Present
Perfect : Obj. Sub + have/has + been + v.p.p. + by + sub Obj.
Rule : (4) Past
Indefinite : Obj. Sub + was/were + been + v.p.p. + by + sub Obj.
Rule : (5) Past
Continuous : Obj. Sub + was/were + being + v.p.p. + by + sub Obj
Rule : (6) Past
Perfect : Obj. Sub + had been + v.p.p. + by + sub Obj
Rule : (6) Past
Perfect : Obj. Sub + had been + v.p.p. + by + sub Obj
Rule : (7) Future
Indefinite : Obj. Sub + will/shall + be +
v.p.p. + by + sub Obj.
Rule : (8) Future
Continuous : Obj. Sub + will/shall + be +
being + v.p.p. + by + sub
Obj.
Rule : (9) Future perfect : Obj.
Sub + will/shall + have been + v.p.p. + by + sub Obj.
Examples
:
(1) Active : We do the work Passive
: The work is done by us.
(2) Active :
I am making Tea. Passive
: Tea is being made by me.
(3) Active : He has killed a snake Passive
: A snake has been killed by him
(4) Active : Kalam helped me. Passive
: I was helped by Kalam
(5) Active : Sarwar was watching Television Passive : Television was
being watched by Sarwar.
(6) Active : Liton had killed saeed Passive :
Saeed had been killed by liton.
(7) Active : Kamal will sing a song Passive :
A song will be sung by Kamal.
(8) Active : Sumon will be reading a book Passive : A book will
be being read by Sumon
(9) Active : Parez will have taught me. Passive : I will
have been taught by Parvez.
Rule - (10) : Reflexive Object hy³ Active
Voice ‡K Voice Kivi mgq G Object wU‡K by Gi ci †i‡L w`‡Z nq|
Example :
(1) Active : She hurt herself . Passive
: She was hurt by herself.
(2) Active : He killed himself. Passive
: He was killed by himself.
Rule - (11) : Cognate Object hy³ Active Voice ‡K Passive Voice Kivi mgq wbqgvbyhvqx Tense
Abymv‡i mvnvh¨Kvix Verb emv‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î Voice Change Gi Ab¨vb¨ wbqg wVKB _v‡K|
Example :
Active : He dreamt a dream Passive :
A dream was dreamt by him
Rule - (12) : Double
Object wewkó Active Voice ‡K Passive Ki‡Z n‡j †h †Kvb GKwU Object ‡K Subject K‡i Tense Abyhvqx mvnvh©¨Kvix Verb ewm‡q Ges evKx Object wU‡K Object wn‡m‡e †i‡L w`‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î †i‡L
†`Iqv Object wU‡K Retained Object e‡j|
Example :
Active : Mr. Kalam teaches us English. Passive : We are taught
English by Mr. Kalam.
Or
: English is taught us by Mr. Kalam
Rule - (13) : Factitive Object Gi mgq
Factitive Object ‡K Subject K‡i Passive Voice Kiv hvq bv| Z‡e Ab¨ Object wU‡K Subject K‡i Passive Voice Kiv hvq|
Example :
Active : They made him chairman. Passive : He was made
chairman by then.
But
: Chairman was made him by then. (Wrong)
Rule - (14) : Negative Sentence Gi Voice cwieZ©b wb‡æv³vbymv‡i nq|
Example :
(1) Active : I do not like tea. Passive
: Tea is not liked by me.
(2) Active : I did not like tea Passive
: Tea was not liked by me.
Rule - (15) : Model Auxiliaries (can, could, shall, should, will,
would, may, might, must) BZ¨vw`
verb hy³ Active Voice ‡K Passive Voice Ki‡Z
n‡j G verb ¸‡jvi mv‡_ be
e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
GQvov, (going to, ought to, are to, am to is to, have
to, had to, has to) Kiv
hvq| BZ¨vw` verb ¸‡jvi †¶‡Î GKB wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨|
Examples :
(1) Active : I must help you. Passive
: You must be helped by.
(2) Active : I have to do it. Passive
: It has to be done by me.
Interrogative
sentence
Rule - (16) : Interrogative Sentence G WH question bv
_vK‡j wbævbymv‡i nq|
Examples :
(1) Active : Do you see the boy? Passive :
Is the boy seen by you?
(2) Active : Has he done the work? Passive : Has
the work been done by him?
Rule - (17) : Interrogative Sentence G Subject hw`
Who w`‡q ïi“ nq Zvn‡j H Sentence
Gi Passive Voice wbævbvbymv‡i nq|
Structure :
Who Gi cwie‡Z© by Whom + be
verb + obj. Sub + Subject Gi ci tense Abyhvqx
be/being/been e‡m + g~j verb Gi p.p
Example
:
(1) Active
: Who broke the chair. Passive
: By whom was the chair broken.
(2) Active
: Who has called me. Passive
: By whom have I been called.
Rule - (18) : Interrogative Sentence G Whom _vK‡j
Passive Voice G †mwU wbævbymv‡i nq|
Structure :
Whom Gi cwie‡Z© Who + be
verb + V.P.P + by + Sub Obj.
Example
:
(1) Active
: Whom have your seen? Passive
: Who has been seen by you?
Rule - (19) : Interrogative Sentence G What, Why, Which, How BZ¨vw` _vK‡j wbævbvbymv‡i nq|
Examples
:
(1) Active
: What do you want? Passive
: What is wanted by you?
(2) Active
: Which book did he want? Passive
: Which book was wanted by him?
(3) Active
: Why did he punish you? Passive
: Why were you punished by him?
Imperative Sentence
Rule
- (20) : Imperative Sentence G Voice
cwieZ©b t
Structure : Let +
Obj. Sub + be + V.P.P Or
: Let not + Obj. Sub + be + V.P.P
Example
:
(1) Active
: Open the door. (2)
Active : Don't open the door.
Passive
: Let the door be opened. Passive : Let not the door be opened.
Rule
- (21) : Imperative Sentence G Let
Gi ci Object _vK‡j wbævbymv‡i nq t
Structure :
Let + Obj. (inanimate) + be + V.P.P + by + Obj. (animate)
Example
:
(1) Active : Let me
do the work Passive
: Let the work be done by me.
Rule
- (22) : Imperative Sentence G verb
Gi ci Object _vK‡j wbævbymv‡i nq t
Structure : Let + Obj.( inanimate) + be +
V.P.P + for + Obj. (animate)
Example
:
(1) Active : Buy
me shirt Passive
: Let a shirt be bought for me.
Rule
- (23) : Imperative Sentence G Never
_vK‡j wbævbymv‡i nq t
Structure :
Let not + Obj. Sub +
ever + be + V.P.P Or : Let + Obj. +
never + be + V.P.P
Example :
(1) Active : Never hate the poor. Passive : Let the poor never be
hated.
or Let not the poor ever be hated.
Rule - (24) : Imperative
Sentence G Please _vK‡j Please cwie‡Z© you are requested w`‡q evKx Ask e‡m hvq|
Example :
(1) Active : Please bring a chair. Passive
: You are requested to bring a chair.
Question
- Passive Voice
Rule - (25) : Verb with a complement :
Structure : Sub + be
verb + V.P.P + (The complement of verb)
(adjective).
Or : Sub + be verb + last
part (adj.) + When it is + V.P.P
Example :
(1) Active : The flower looks beautiful. Passive : The flower is looked beautiful
Or : The flower is beautiful
when it is looked.
Rule - (26) : Verb Without a complement.
Structure : Sub + be verb + being + V.P.P
Example :
Active : The
book is printing Passive : The book is
being printed
Complex Sentence Gi Voice cwieZ©b
Rule - (27) : Complex Sentence Gi Voice cwieZ©‡b Principal Ges Subordinate Dfq cÖKvi Clause cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î KL‡bv Introductory 'it' e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
Example :
(1) Active : He told me
that he had done the work
Passive : I was told that
the work had been done by him.
(2) Active : We know that the earth is
round
Passive : It is known to us that
the earth is round.
Or: That the earth is round is known to
us.
Note : Simple
Sentence Gi A_ev
GKwU gvÎ Clause G Double passive n‡j
A_© f~j n‡q hvq|
Example :
(1) Active : They
proposed to hold a meeting
Passive : A meeting was
proposed to be held by them (Incorrect)
Passive : It was proposed by
them to hold a meeting (Correct)
Or: It was proposed by them that a meeting
should be held.
Rule - (28) : Passive Voice with Different Preposition.
Examples :
(1) Active :
I know the man Passive
: The man is known to me.
(2) Active : The boy satisfied us Passive
: we were satisfied with the boy
(3) Active : Your work satisfied
me. Passive I was satisfied at your work.
(4) Active : He
annoyed me Passive
: I was annoyed with him.
(5) Active : His conduct annoyed me. Passive
: I was annoyed at his conduct.
(6) Active : Smoke filled the room. Passive
: The room was filled with smoke.
(7) Active : His behavior vexes me some times.
Passive : I am sometimes vexed at his behavior.
(8) Active : The boy pleased the teacher. Passive : The
teacher was pleased with the boy.
(9) Active : His fathers death shocked me much.
Passive : I was much shocked at his
father's death.
Rule - (29) : love/desire/wish/like/want + object + infinitive ‡hv‡M MwVZ Active ‡K Voice passive
form G cwieZ©b
wbævbymv‡i nq|
Structure : Sub + Main Verb + Infinitive Gi Object + to be + V.P.P.
Examples
:
(1) Active : I like to drink tea. Passive
: I like tea to be drunk.
(2) Active : He wants me to do the work. Passive : he wants the
work to be done by me.
Rule - (30) Agree, determine, decide + infinitive + Object ‡hv‡M MwVZ Active Voice ‡K Passive Voice Kivi wbqg t
Structure : Sub + main Verb + infinitive Gi ¯’‡j That + Infinitive Gi c‡i e¨eüZ Object
+ Should be + V.P.P
Examples
:
(1) Active : He decided to leave the job Passive : he decided that
the job Should be left.
(2) Active : He determined to sell the house Passive : He determined that the
house should be sold.
Rule (31)
Passive of Infinitives (to + verb)
Examples:
(i) Active :- There are lots of things to
do Passive . There are lots of
things to be done.
(ii) Active : There is no time to lose. Passive
There is no time to be lost.
Rule (32) Verbs
followed by objects + Plain Infinitive
Examples:
(i) Active : I saw him go to the garden Passive He
was seen to go to the garden.
(ii) Active : Hina made us laugh Passive
We were made to laugh by Hina.
Rule (33)
Verbal Noun with Preposition and object
Example : Active
: We
went to see the launching of the ship
Passive
: We went to see the ship being launched.
Rule (34) hw` †Kvb Active ev‡K¨ (Adj + to + verb) _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvi Passive G (to + verb) AskwUi †Kvb cwieZ©b nqbv|
Examples
: Active
: I found it easy to do Passive: It was found easy to do by me.
Incorrect
: It
was found easy to be done by me
Similarly : Mangoes are good to eat (not to be eaten)
Mathematics is not easy to learn (not
easy to be learnt)
Rule (35) : Some
Peculiarities in Voice
(1) Active : One Should keep one's Promise. Passive : A Promise
should be kept.
(2) Active : Circumstances Obliged me to go. Passive : I was obliged
to go.
(3) Active : He considers me honest. Passive
: I am considered honest by him.
(4) Active : We can gain nothing without labour. Passive : Nothing can be
gained without labour.
(5) Active : Everybody says that morning shows the
day.
Passive : It is said that morning shows
the day.
(6) Active : People believe that you know him. Passive : It is supposed
that he is known to you.
(7) Active : Keep your word Passive
: Your word should be kept.
(8) Active : Prepare for the worst. Passive
: Be prepared for the worst.
(9) Active : Obey your teacher Passive
: Your teacher should be obeyed .
(10)
Active : Take care of your health. Passive
: Your Health should be taken care of
(11)
Active : Go there Passive:
You are requested to go there.
(12)
Active : It is time to do your duty. Passive
: It is time for your duty to be done.
(13) Active : He likes people to obey
him Passive : He likes people to be
obeyed.
(14) Active : We will not admit children
under ten.
Passive : Children under ten will not be admitted by us.
(15) Active : Rome was not built in a day Passive : The Roman did not built Rome in a day
Passive
to Active
(1) My book was stolen. (7) I
was compelled to do it.
= Someone stole my book. = Circumstances
compelled me to do it.
(2) He is not known here. (8) English
is spoken all over the world
= None knows him here. = People
speak English all over the world.
(3) He is called a liar (9)
This feeling cannot be expressed in words
= People call him a liar. = None can express this feeling in words
(4) I was asked my name (10)
Various kinds of flowers are grown in the garden.
= They asked me my name. = Someone grows
various kinds of flowers in the garden.
(5) The thief was arrested (11) We have
been invited to the king's hall
= The police arrested the thief = The king has invited us to his hall
(6) Promise should be kept.
= One should keep one's promise. or, We should keep our promise.
Exercise
(1) Pen through the word (Passive) (9) Do you know them (Passive)
(2) Who has beaten you? (Passive) (10) Rice is sold at taka 14 a seer (Active)
(3) Who did the difficult sum? (Passive) (11) The students were given prizes
(4) This club was established in
1995(Active) by the teacher
(Active)
(5) My
book has been lost (Active) (12)
This may please be done (Active)
(6) He is thought to a poet (Active) (13) They pleased us all (Passive)
(7) I was elected secretary of the club (14) Iron feels hard (Passive)
by them (Active) (15)
Let a pen be bought for me (Active)
(8) We made him king (Pasasive) (16) Come here
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